Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.8K

Novel receptor, mutation, vaccine, and establishment of coping mode for SARS-CoV-2: current status and future

Zhaomu Zeng1,2,3, Xiuchao Geng4, Xichao Wen3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|August 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes multiple receptors, including ACE2 and AXL, for cell entry. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective COVID-19 treatments and vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • The global impact of SARS-CoV-2, causing over 670 million infections and 6.8 million deaths, remains significant despite vaccines and control measures.
  • Ongoing viral evolution, mutation, and immune evasion present persistent challenges to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To elucidate the receptor-based pathogenesis, including ACE2 and novel receptors like AXL.
  • To analyze viral mutation, immune evasion strategies, and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent research on SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of viral genome, host-receptor interactions, and immune responses.
  • Evaluation of current vaccine development and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 employs multiple host cell receptors beyond ACE2, such as AXL, for cellular entry.
  • Continuous viral mutations and immune evasion mechanisms complicate pandemic control.
  • Vaccine development and deployment are ongoing but face challenges from viral evolution.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, including its diverse receptors and evolutionary dynamics, is essential.
  • This review provides a theoretical basis for improved COVID-19 diagnosis, classification, and the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines.
Keywords:
COVID-19 vaccinesOmicron variantattachment factorsentry receptorsheterologous booster immunizationsmall molecule antiviral drugs

More Related Videos

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

4.7K
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.1K

Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.2K
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
53
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.4K
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
12.2K
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
18.4K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
400