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Related Concept Videos

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
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Clarifying Cognitive Control Deficits in Psychosis via Drift Diffusion Modeling.

Chen Shen1, Olivia L Calvin1, Eric Rawls1

  • 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455 USA.

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People with psychosis exhibit cognitive control deficits, specifically in proactive control, due to slower information processing and evidence integration. Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modeling (hDDM) identified these key differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychopathology Research

Background:

  • Cognitive control deficits are a hallmark of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders.
  • Understanding the specific nature of these deficits (proactive vs. reactive) is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Approach:

  • Employed hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modeling (hDDM) to analyze cognitive control in people with psychosis (PwP), their relatives, and controls.
  • Utilized the Dot Pattern Expectancy task to differentiate between proactive and reactive control mechanisms.
  • Applied explainable machine learning to compare hDDM parameters with conventional measures.

Key Points:

  • PwP showed reduced drift rates in proactive control, indicating inefficient cue utilization.
  • PwP exhibited longer non-decision times for infrequent stimuli, suggesting impaired perceptual processing.
  • hDDM parameters effectively distinguished between PwP, relatives, and controls, outperforming traditional metrics.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive control deficits in psychosis are characterized by slower motor/perceptual timing and reduced evidence integration, particularly affecting proactive control.
  • hDDM provides a sensitive tool for characterizing cognitive dysfunction in psychotic disorders.
  • Findings highlight specific neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in psychosis.