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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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Coupling Glycerol Conversion with Hydrogen Production Using Alloyed Electrocatalysts.

Tianpei Yang1,2, Yi Shen1,2

  • 1School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Precious metal alloy nanoparticles, including PtPdAg, show enhanced performance as electrocatalysts for glycerol oxidation reactions (GOR). These catalysts efficiently convert glycerol to valuable products and hydrogen, even when powered by solar energy.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) is crucial for energy conversion.
  • Developing efficient electrocatalysts is key to improving GOR performance.
  • Precious metal alloys offer tunable properties for catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize uniform precious alloy nanoparticles (PtAg, PdAg, PtPdAg) for GOR.
  • Evaluate their catalytic activity in alkaline and acidic electrolytes.
  • Investigate product selectivity and potential for integrated energy systems.

Main Methods:

  • Nanoparticle synthesis and characterization (TEM, XRD, XPS).
  • Electrochemical evaluation of catalytic performance.
  • Product analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Main Results:

  • PtPdAg nanoparticles demonstrated superior GOR activity in both alkaline and acidic media compared to monometallic catalysts.
  • PtPdAg achieved current densities significantly higher than commercial Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts.
  • High selectivity towards glyceraldehyde (GLAD) was observed with PtAg and PtPdAg catalysts in acidic solutions.
  • Integrated electrolysis coupled GOR with hydrogen evolution, showing efficient glycerol conversion and hydrogen production.

Conclusions:

  • Precious metal alloys, particularly PtPdAg, are highly effective electrocatalysts for GOR.
  • These alloys enable efficient production of valuable chemicals and hydrogen from glycerol.
  • The study highlights the potential for solar-driven, integrated processes for sustainable chemical synthesis and energy generation.