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Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acid-functionalized nanozymes and their applications.

Yunlong Qin1, Yu Ouyang1, Itamar Willner1

  • 1The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. itamar.willner@mail.huji.ac.il.

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Summary

Nanozymes modified with nucleic acids, creating aptananozymes, overcome limitations by enhancing catalytic activity and enabling targeted applications like cancer treatment and switchable biocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Nanozymes are nanoparticles with enzyme-like catalytic functions, attracting interest for analytical and medical uses.
  • Limitations of nanozymes include lack of substrate binding sites, hindering specificity and complex catalysis.
  • Nucleic acid modification offers a solution to enhance nanozyme capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer nucleic acid/nanozyme hybrids (aptananozymes) with improved catalytic functions.
  • To demonstrate structure-catalytic relationships in aptananozyme constructs.
  • To explore applications in targeted cancer therapy and switchable biocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of aptamer-modified nanozymes (aptananozymes).
  • Engineering nanozyme-based bioreactors for cascaded catalysis.
  • Functionalization of nanozymes with cancer cell-recognizing aptamers.
  • Modification of metal-organic framework nanoparticles with nucleic acids.

Main Results:

  • Aptananozymes exhibit enhanced catalytic activities and specific binding properties.
  • Demonstrated structure-catalytic function relationships in aptananozyme constructs.
  • Developed nanozyme bioreactors for cascaded catalysis and targeted cancer therapy.
  • Created switchable biocatalytic nanozymes for controlled oxidation and chemiluminescence.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid modification significantly enhances nanozyme performance and versatility.
  • Aptananozymes show promise for advanced applications in medicine and biocatalysis.
  • Future research should address remaining challenges in nanozyme engineering.