Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2025

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
[Hyponatremia : Etiology, diagnosis and acute therapy]
Fabian Perschinka1, Paul Köglberger1,2, Sebastian J Klein1
1Gemeinsame Einrichtung Internistische Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin, Department für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
Abstract:
Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disorders in emergency departments and hospitalized patients. Serum sodium concentration is controlled by osmoregulation and volume regulation. Both pathways are regulated via the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Syndrome of inappropriate release of ADH (SIADH) may be caused by neoplasms or pneumonia but may also be triggered by drug use or drug abuse. Excessive fluid intake may also result in a decrease in serum sodium concentration. Rapid alteration in serum sodium concentration leads to cell swelling or cell shrinkage, which primarily causes neurological symptoms. The dynamics of development of hyponatremia and its duration are crucial. In addition to blood testing, a clinical examination and urine analysis are essential in the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

