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More than urns: A multi-method pipeline for analyzing cremation burials.

Lukas Waltenberger^1,2, Marjolein D Bosch¹, Michaela Fritzl¹

¹Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.

|August 30, 2023

Summary

This study analyzed Late Bronze Age burial rites using advanced techniques on two urns. Findings reveal the deceased were a young adult female and child, with insights into funerary practices and the environment.

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Area of Science:

Archaeology
Anthropology
Bioarchaeology

Background:

Burial rites are often interpreted from cremated remains and urns, but context is understudied.
Limited information on the deceased is available due to fragmentation and taphonomic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a detailed analysis of two Late Bronze Age urns from St. Pölten, Austria.
To investigate the funerary context and environmental factors associated with cremation burials.

Main Methods:

Combined archaeological, anthropological, and scientific techniques: computed tomography, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, geochemistry, and isotopic analysis.
Analysis of cremated human and animal remains, plant species, and sediment chemistry.
CT-scanning of urns recovered en-bloc prior to micro-excavation.

Main Results:

Osteological and strontium isotope analysis identified the cremated remains as a young adult female and a child (10-12 years old), likely local and experiencing physiological stress.
Animal bones indicated varied depositional pathways (pyre, food offerings, debris).
Identified wild and crop plant species used as offerings or fire accelerants; sediment chemistry indicated pyre remains around urns.

Conclusions:

The study provides comprehensive insights into Late Bronze Age cremation practices, environmental context, and funerary deposition.
Multi-disciplinary analysis enhances understanding of deceased individuals and ritualistic elements.
Highlights the importance of contextual analysis in interpreting urn burials.