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Gasdermins and cancers.

Junwei Hou1, Tiansheng Li2, Jung-Mao Hsu3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center for Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.

Seminars in Immunology
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gasdermin-mediated cancer cell pyroptosis (CCP) offers new oncology treatments by triggering anti-tumor immunity. Understanding CCP mechanisms is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Keywords:
Antitumor immunityCancerCancer cell pyroptosisGasderminsTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Death Research

Background:

  • Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death, was initially studied in immune cells.
  • Emerging evidence highlights pyroptosis's role in diverse biological processes.
  • Gasdermin family proteins execute pyroptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in gasdermin research within the cancer field.
  • To explore the potential of gasdermin-mediated cancer cell pyroptosis (CCP) in oncology.
  • To propose a framework for understanding the anti-tumor effects of pyroptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on gasdermins and pyroptosis in cancer.
  • Analysis of the role of CCP in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on gasdermin expression, regulation, and activation.

Main Results:

  • Gasdermin-mediated CCP induces heat in the TME, promoting anti-tumor immunity.
  • CCP presents a novel form of tumor cell death with therapeutic potential.
  • The anti-tumor efficacy of CCP and immune cell pyroptosis (ICP) is dependent on duration, intensity, and cell type.

Conclusions:

  • CCP is a promising frontier in oncology for improving tumor treatment and drug development.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms of gasdermin in cancer.
  • Optimizing CCP and ICP requires consideration of their temporal and cellular dynamics within the TME.