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Stimulus expectations do not modulate visual event-related potentials in probabilistic cueing designs.

Carla den Ouden1, Andong Zhou1, Vinay Mepani1

  • 1Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

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|August 30, 2023
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Summary

This study found no evidence for expectation suppression in the visual system using electroencephalography (EEG). Findings challenge predictive coding models that rely on prediction error signaling for fulfilled expectations.

Keywords:
EEGERPExpectationPredictionSurprise

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Predictive coding models suggest fulfilled expectations reduce neural responses (expectation suppression) and surprising events increase them in the visual system.
  • Existing evidence for expectation suppression in the visual system is limited, especially when controlling for confounding factors.
  • Previous studies observed surprise effects in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals but not electrophysiological measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously test for expectation suppression and surprise effects in the human visual system using electroencephalography (EEG).
  • To investigate whether fulfilled perceptual expectations lead to reduced neural signaling, as predicted by some influential models.

Main Methods:

  • A predictive cueing experiment was conducted with 48 participants, involving learning cue-face associations.
  • Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded while participants viewed faces associated with expected (90%), neutral (50%), or surprising (10%) cues.
  • Univariate analyses of face-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs) and multivariate pattern analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in face-evoked ERPs were found across expected, neutral, and surprising conditions.
  • Bayes factors consistently supported the null hypothesis, indicating no evidence for expectation suppression or surprise effects in ERPs.
  • Robust stimulus repetition effects were observed, but no above-chance classification of expected versus surprising face-evoked ERPs was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support predictive coding models that posit reduced prediction error signaling when perceptual expectations are met.
  • Results suggest that alternative predictive processing models, which do not rely on prediction error signaling for expectation-related phenomena, may be more suitable for explaining visual system activity.
  • This study underscores the need for further research into the neural mechanisms underlying expectation and prediction in visual perception.