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[Trichophyton tonsurans Infection].

Taketoshi Futatsuya1,2, Kazushi Anzawa1, Takashi Mochizuki1

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|August 30, 2023
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Summary

Trichophyton tonsurans infections are common in Japanese contact sports. Eradicating these fungal infections requires screening and treating all individuals, including asymptomatic carriers, as no drug resistance is currently observed.

Keywords:
Trichophyton tonsuransmicrobiomemolecular epidemiologymultilocus sequence typingrestriction fragment length polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Trichophyton tonsurans infection has been prevalent in Japan since 2000, particularly among athletes in contact sports.
  • Commonly presents as tinea corporis and tinea capitis, but asymptomatic carriers are crucial for transmission.
  • This review examines diagnosis, molecular epidemiology, drug susceptibility, and control strategies for T. tonsurans.

Approach:

  • Molecular epidemiology utilized restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the ribosomal RNA gene's non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region.
  • Drug susceptibility testing assessed terbinafine resistance in relation to identified genotypes.
  • Analysis included the microbial interactions of T. tonsurans with other scalp microflora in carriers.

Key Points:

  • Genotypic analysis revealed a limited diversity of T. tonsurans, with only the NTS I genotype detected.
  • No association was found between RFLP genotypes and terbinafine drug resistance, suggesting the absence of resistant strains in Japan.
  • T. tonsurans can coexist with other microorganisms on the scalp without altering microbial diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Effective control of Trichophyton tonsurans outbreaks necessitates comprehensive screening and treatment, encompassing asymptomatic carriers.
  • The anthropogenic nature of T. tonsurans may contribute to its persistence and difficulty in host immune system elimination.
  • Continued surveillance for drug resistance is important, although none is currently indicated in Japan.