Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

3.0K
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
3.0K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

4.6K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
4.6K
Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

949
A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...
949
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

1.4K
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
1.4K
Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

291
The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect.
291
Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate01:11

Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate

4.0K
In hydraulic engineering, sluice gates are essential for managing water flow through channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. Sluice gates, acting as vertical barriers, regulate water by adjusting the gate's opening height, which changes the velocity and pressure of water flowing beneath the gate. Understanding the forces involved is crucial to designing sluice gates that can withstand dynamic pressure differences, especially when the gate is closed or partially open.
Key variables in...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Observation of Counterion Binding in the Inner Helmholtz Layer at the Ionic Surfactant-Water Interface.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Polymer-Free Gradient-Etching Transfer of Freestanding Monolayer Graphene.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Gapless tunable intense terahertz pulse generation in strained diamond.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same author

Ultrafast dynamics of two-dimensional electron gas at Al2O3/SrTiO3 interface studied by surface terahertz spectroscopy.

The Journal of chemical physics·2024
Same author

Increased excitatory connectivity and epileptiform activity in thrombospondin1/2 knockout mice following cortical trauma.

Neurobiology of disease·2024
Same author

MiR-30c suppresses the proliferation, metastasis and polarity reversal of tumor cell clusters by targeting MTDH in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast.

Heliyon·2024
Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026
Same journal

China boosts prestigious grants for young scientists - will it ease competition?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

15.5K

Structure evolution at the gate-tunable suspended graphene-water interface.

Ying Xu1, You-Bo Ma1, Feng Gu1

  • 1Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Nature
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created large, substrate-free graphene films on water to study electrochemical reactions. They observed significant changes in water structure at the graphene interface during hydrogen evolution reactions.

More Related Videos

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
10:36

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Published on: April 12, 2018

11.6K
Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

128

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

15.5K
Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
10:36

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Published on: April 12, 2018

11.6K
Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
11:24

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

128

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Graphitic electrodes are crucial for electrochemical reactions due to conductivity and robustness.
  • Graphene, a 2D form of graphite, offers unique tunable properties for advanced devices.
  • Substrate effects often complicate studies of graphene's interfacial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microscopic structure and reaction kinetics at graphitic-electrode interfaces.
  • To develop a substrate-free graphene platform for studying interfacial phenomena.
  • To analyze the structural evolution of water at the graphene-electrolyte interface under varying gate voltages.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of centimeter-sized, substrate-free monolayer graphene suspended on an aqueous electrolyte surface.
  • Utilizing gate tunability to control interfacial conditions.
  • Employing sum-frequency spectroscopy (SFS) to probe interfacial structures.

Main Results:

  • The hydrogen-bond network in the Stern layer of water remained largely unchanged within the water-electrolysis window.
  • Significant structural changes occurred at the graphene-water interface upon initiating electrochemical reactions.
  • The dangling O-H bond at the interface disappeared at the onset of the hydrogen evolution reaction, indicating structural modification due to intermediate species.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate-free suspended graphene provides an ideal platform for studying graphitic-electrode interfaces.
  • Electrochemical reactions induce marked structural changes in the water interface, particularly during hydrogen evolution.
  • Sum-frequency spectroscopy effectively reveals interfacial water structure evolution during electrochemical processes.