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Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

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Identifying attacks in the Russia-Ukraine conflict using seismic array data.

Ben D E Dando¹, Bettina P Goertz-Allmann², Quentin Brissaud²

¹NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway. ben@norsar.no.

|August 30, 2023

Summary

Seismic monitoring of explosions in Ukraine offers real-time insights into military attacks. This technology can automatically identify and locate explosions, aiding in conflict monitoring and international law enforcement.

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Area of Science:

Geophysics
Seismology
International Security

Background:

Seismometers typically study earthquakes, but also record explosions.
Monitoring lower-yield military attacks requires localized sensor networks.
Objective data for active conflict zones is challenging to obtain.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate seismic wave analysis for real-time identification of military attacks.
To assess the feasibility of using local seismometers for conflict monitoring.
To provide objective data on explosions in a conflict zone.

Main Methods:

Utilized seismic waves from explosions in northern Ukraine.
Employed a local network of seismometers for data recording.
Developed methods for automatic identification and location of seismic events.

Main Results:

Observed over 1,200 explosions between February and November 2022.
Accurately determined origin times, locations, and magnitudes of explosions.
Catalogued more explosions than publicly reported, identifying diverse seismoacoustic signals.

Conclusions:

Seismic data provides an effective tool for objective monitoring of ongoing conflicts.
Real-time seismic analysis offers an unprecedented view of active conflict zones.
This method can yield invaluable information on potential international law breaches.