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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Assessing the thyroid autoimmunity association with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Fariba Karimi1, Fatemeh Lavaee2, Aida Nematollahi3

  • 1Endocrinology and Metabolism Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

BMC Oral Health
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) are linked to a higher risk and frequency of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). This study suggests a connection between these conditions, offering insights for future treatments.

Keywords:
Aphthous stomatitis, recurrentAutoimmune diseasesThyroid diseases

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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oral Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune origins and abnormal immune responses, particularly T cell-mediated immunity, are implicated in oral mucosal conditions.
  • Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral inflammatory condition with debated etiology.
  • Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) represent a significant group of autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) in an Iranian population.
  • To determine if patients with ATDs have a higher prevalence or frequency of RAS compared to healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 102 patients with ATD and 102 healthy controls.
  • Data collection included history of RAS, demographics, systemic diseases, medications, and RAS recurrence frequency.
  • Statistical analysis using chi-square, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U tests to compare RAS prevalence and characteristics between groups.

Main Results:

  • Patients with ATD exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of RAS compared to healthy controls (P=0.040).
  • The risk of RAS was 1.93 times higher, and the annual frequency was 3.15 times higher in ATD patients (P=0.011).
  • RAS frequency was greater in hypothyroidism than hyperthyroidism, but lesion size and number did not differ significantly.

Conclusions:

  • A significantly elevated risk and frequency of RAS were observed in patients with ATDs.
  • These findings suggest a potential link between ATDs and RAS, warranting further investigation into underlying mechanisms.
  • Understanding this association may inform novel therapeutic strategies for both conditions.