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Prothrombotic status in COVID‑19 with diabetes mellitus (Review)

Roxana Madalina Mitroi1, Vlad Padureanu2, Adina Mitrea3,4

  • 1Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania.

Biomedical Reports
|August 31, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Diabetes exacerbates COVID-19 severity by increasing inflammation and immune dysfunction. This elevates the risk of thrombotic events and worse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, causing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), presents significant global health and economic challenges.
  • COVID-19 pathogenesis involves complex host-virus immune interactions, leading to hyperinflammation, cytokine storms, and dysregulated coagulation and fibrinolysis.
  • Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for severe COVID-19 complications, linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and immune response dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of diabetes in the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.
  • To explore the mechanisms linking diabetes, immune dysfunction, and thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 pathogenesis, diabetes, and thrombotic complications.
  • Analysis of immune response pathways and metabolic disturbances in diabetic patients.
  • Correlation of diabetes status with COVID-19 severity and thrombotic event risk.

Main Results:

  • Patients with diabetes exhibit impaired innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • Metabolic disturbances in diabetes disrupt the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis, increasing thrombotic risk.
  • Diabetes is significantly associated with a prothrombotic state, contributing to worse COVID-19 prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes is a critical factor influencing COVID-19 severity, primarily through immune dysregulation and a prothrombotic state.
  • The increased risk of thrombotic events in diabetic COVID-19 patients underscores the need for targeted management strategies.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for improving outcomes in vulnerable diabetic populations affected by COVID-19.

Keywords:
coronavirus disease-19 infectiondiabetes mellitusprothrombotic status

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