Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

15.2K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.2K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

11.9K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
11.9K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Do They, or Don't They? Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors, Tenofovir Alafenamide, and Excessive Weight Gain in People with HIV.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Post-infection immune response in adults with COVID-19 with and without nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment and virologic rebound.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B in People With HIV in the MWCCS, 2018-2024.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Discontinuing contact precautions for COVID-19: the science says its time.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2026
Same author

Human parainfluenza virus 3 fusion protein cleavage: a key determinant of infection and spread.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

Renal Outcomes in People With HIV-1 and Renal Impairment Treated With Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide: Integrated Analysis From 9 Phase 3/3b Clinical Trials.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

4.7K

Immune Status and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics.

Yijia Li1, Carlee Moser2, Evgenia Aga2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|August 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with moderate to severe immunocompromise had higher nasal viral loads and shedding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This highlights how immunosuppression impacts viral dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Keywords:
COVID-19RNASARS-CoV-2immunocompromise

More Related Videos

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.1K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

4.7K
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.1K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Immunocompromised individuals face a higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • The degree of immune compromise can influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the extent of immunocompromise and SARS-CoV-2 viral load and shedding.
  • To categorize participants based on their level of immune compromise (none, mild, moderate, severe).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the ACTIV-2/A5401 clinical trial.
  • Categorization of participants into four groups based on immunocompromise levels.
  • Measurement of nasal viral load, cumulative nasal RNA levels, and plasma viremia.

Main Results:

  • Moderate to severe immunocompromise was linked to significantly higher nasal viral loads at enrollment.
  • A trend towards higher cumulative nasal RNA levels and plasma viremia was observed in moderately/severely immunocompromised individuals.
  • Immunosuppression was associated with increased viral shedding and altered SARS-CoV-2 decay kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • The degree of immunocompromise significantly impacts SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics, including viral load and shedding.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering the spectrum of immune compromise in managing COVID-19 patients.
  • Further research into tailored therapeutic strategies for immunocompromised individuals with COVID-19 is warranted.