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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone
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Metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma to bone.

Samir Sabharwal1, Christa L LiBrizzi1, Sintawat Wangsiricharoen2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Journal of Surgical Oncology
|August 31, 2023
PubMed
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Metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma to bone is challenging to diagnose and manage. Early identification of the primary cancer and multidisciplinary communication are crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.

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biopsymetastatic bone diseasesarcomatoid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Distinguishing sarcomatoid carcinoma from primary bone sarcoma is critical for patient management.
  • Sarcomatoid carcinoma, a rare subtype, presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges when metastasizing to bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma to bone.
  • To identify factors influencing survival and treatment strategies for this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 15 cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma metastatic to bone from 2001-2021.
  • Exclusion of patients with non-osseous metastases; survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier method.

Main Results:

  • Renal cell carcinoma was the most common primary (9/15 cases).
  • Seven cases had an unknown primary at presentation.
  • Median survival was 17.5 months; 13 patients died of disease.
  • Pathologic fracture was common (9/15 patients).
  • Surgical management was delayed in 4 cases due to diagnostic uncertainty.

Conclusions:

  • Metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma to bone is a difficult clinical entity requiring precise diagnosis.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for identifying the primary tumor and optimizing surgical fixation.
  • Effective management necessitates clear communication between oncologists, pathologists, and orthopedic surgeons.