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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays
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Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays

Published on: July 4, 2018

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Activated mast cells in periprosthetic joint infection-associated tissue

Cody R Fisher1,2, Robin Patel2,3

  • 1Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Mast cells are present and activated in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) tissues, unlike in non-infectious cases. This suggests mast cells play a role in PJI immune responses, warranting further investigation for diagnostic and treatment targets.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication following total joint arthroplasty.
  • Transcriptomic data suggested increased activated mast cells in PJI, but visual confirmation was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and activation status of mast cells in periprosthetic tissues from PJI and non-infectious arthroplasty failure cases.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical staining for tryptase was performed on periprosthetic tissues from five PJI and four non-infectious cases.
  • Mast cell density and activation (extracellular tryptase release) were microscopically evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Mast cells were detected in all samples, with similar average densities in PJI (22 cells/mm²) and non-infectious (26 cells/mm²) groups.
  • Apparent mast cell activation and degranulation were observed in all PJI samples but none of the non-infectious samples.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary findings support a role for mast cells in the immune response during PJI.
  • Further research into mast cell involvement in arthroplasty failure is recommended for potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
mast cellsnon-infectious arthroplasty failureperiprosthetic joint infectionperiprosthetic tissuestryptase

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