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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
Published on: September 23, 2022
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibodies are associated with protection against Delta vaccine breakthrough infection: a
Isabel Neale1,2,3, Mohammad Ali1,2,3, Barbara Kronsteiner1,2
1Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.
Importance:
Defining correlates of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine breakthrough infection informs vaccine policy for booster doses and future vaccine designs. Existing studies demonstrate humoral correlates of protection, but the role of T cells in protection is still unclear. In this study, we explore antibody and T cell immune responses associated with protection against Delta variant vaccine breakthrough infection in a well-characterized cohort of UK Healthcare Workers (HCWs). We demonstrate evidence to support a role for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as antibodies against Delta vaccine breakthrough infection. In addition, our results suggest a potential role for cross-reactive T cells in vaccine breakthrough.
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