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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Life's biochemical processes occur within aqueous solutions. Solutes are substances that are dissolved within these solutions. The human body contains a variety of solutes, which can differ across various body parts. These can encompass proteins—such as those responsible for clotting and carbohydrate transport—as well as electrolytes. In medicine, an electrolyte is often described as a mineral ion derived from a salt possessing an electric charge. Examples include sodium ions...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

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Adipose tissue composition determines its computed tomography radiodensity.

Amani Zoabi1, Einav Bentov-Arava1, Adan Sultan1

  • 1The Institute for Drug Research, the School of Pharmacy, the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

European Radiology
|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Computed tomography (CT) radiodensity of adipose tissue can predict surgical difficulty. This study found that higher radiodensity is linked to increased phospholipids and lipids, and smaller adipocyte size, aiding surgical planning.

Keywords:
Adipose tissueComputed tomographyMass spectrometryMolecular imagingRadiodensity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue radiodensity on computed tomography (CT) scans can indicate surgical difficulty.
  • The factors influencing adipose tissue radiodensity remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for surgical planning and risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between adipose tissue chemical composition and its radiodensity as measured by CT.
  • To identify specific molecular components and tissue characteristics associated with varying levels of adipose tissue radiodensity.
  • To leverage advanced analytical techniques and machine learning for a comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 53 human adipose tissue samples from patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
  • Measurement of CT radiodensity prior to surgery.
  • Characterization of tissue composition using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI).
  • Application of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for differentiating high and low radiodensity tissues.
  • Histological analysis including adipocyte sizing.

Main Results:

  • No significant correlation was found between radiodensity and patient demographics (age, gender, weight, height) or fat origin.
  • A negative correlation was observed between body mass index and adipose tissue radiodensity.
  • Significant differences in chemical composition were identified between high and low radiodensity adipose tissues.
  • High radiodensity tissues showed higher abundance of phospholipids, ceramides, cholesterol esters, diglycerides, and smaller adipocyte size (approx. 70% smaller).
  • Low radiodensity tissues were characterized by a higher abundance of short acyl-tail fatty acids.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose tissue radiodensity is significantly influenced by its chemical composition, particularly the presence of phospholipids and lipids.
  • Higher CT radiodensity in adipose tissue is associated with increased concentrations of high molecular weight lipids and smaller adipocyte size.
  • These findings provide a molecular basis for understanding CT-based radiodensity in adipose tissue and can inform preoperative surgical planning.