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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
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Rozanolixizumab: First Approval.

Sheridan M Hoy1

  • 1Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand. dru@adis.com.

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|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Rozanolixizumab is a new treatment for generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adults. It is the first therapy approved in the USA for both anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive gMG.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular transmission.
  • Current treatments aim to manage symptoms, but new targeted therapies are needed.
  • Rozanolixizumab targets the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a key regulator of immunoglobulin G (IgG) homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the development milestones of rozanolixizumab.
  • To highlight its first approval for generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG).
  • To provide an overview of its mechanism of action and target patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Development of rozanolixizumab, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody.
  • Subcutaneous administration of the drug.

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  • Clinical trials assessing efficacy and safety in gMG patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Rozanolixizumab received US FDA approval on June 27, 2023, for adults with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive gMG.
    • It is the first agent approved for both AChR and MuSK antibody-positive gMG.
    • Regulatory reviews are ongoing in the EU and Japan.

    Conclusions:

    • Rozanolixizumab represents a significant advancement in gMG treatment.
    • Its approval offers a new therapeutic option for a broad range of gMG patients.
    • Ongoing development targets other autoimmune conditions.