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    A shift-shift memory effect in square waveguides allows for real-space imaging. By manipulating the input wavefront, four symmetrical spots can be scanned at the output for fluorescence imaging through multimode fibers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Waveguide Technology
    • Biomedical Imaging

    Background:

    • A shift-shift memory effect in square waveguides was previously observed using correlation measurements.
    • This effect describes how input field translations induce symmetrical output field translations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the shift-shift memory effect in real space for imaging applications.
    • To utilize this effect for fluorescence imaging through multimode fibers without transmission matrix measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Wavefront shaping using guide-star feedback to create a focus at the output of a square-core multimode fiber.
    • Exploiting the shift-shift memory effect to scan four symmetrical spots at the fiber output by shifting the input wavefront.

    Main Results:

    • The shift-shift memory effect was successfully demonstrated in real space.
    • A method for fluorescence imaging through a multimode fiber was developed, leveraging the memory effect.
    • The imaging technique eliminated the need for measuring a transmission matrix.

    Conclusions:

    • The shift-shift memory effect is a viable phenomenon for real-space imaging applications.
    • Wavefront shaping and the memory effect enable efficient fluorescence imaging through multimode fibers.
    • This approach offers a simplified method for imaging in complex optical systems.