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Explaining public dental service utilization: A theoretical model.

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Lower socioeconomic status is linked to poorer oral health and increased use of public dental services. This research models these relationships to inform equitable public health policies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Dental Public Health

Background:

  • Understanding the determinants of dental service utilization is crucial for developing equitable health policies.
  • Socioeconomic factors significantly influence access to and use of healthcare services, including dental care.
  • Existing models often lack a comprehensive examination of the interplay between socioeconomic status, oral health, and public dental service utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and validate a theoretical model explaining the relationships between dental service utilization and key socioeconomic and health indicators.
  • To identify specific socioeconomic characteristics associated with the use of public dental services.
  • To provide an evidence base for enhancing the equity and effectiveness of public oral health policies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical-conceptual model based on existing literature.
  • Validation of the model using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
  • Analysis of data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (n=41,664, aged 15+).

Main Results:

  • A theoretical model for public dental services utilization was successfully established.
  • Socioeconomic status showed a negative association with oral health status (β = -0.376), primary care enrollment (β = -0.254), and public dental consultation use (β = -0.251).
  • Minority ethnic groups (Black, Indigenous) and rural populations exhibited lower socioeconomic status and higher public dental service utilization.

Conclusions:

  • The validated model elucidates the systematic relationships influencing public dental service use.
  • Findings underscore the impact of public access policies on oral health equity.
  • The study supports the development of more effective and equitable public health policies for oral healthcare.