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Eye Trauma in Mixed Martial Arts and Boxing
Chih-Chiun Chang1, Murtaza Saifee2, Lauren Ton1
1University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|September 1, 2023
Summary
Boxing has higher eye injury rates, but mixed martial arts (MMA) eye injuries more often need physician evaluation. MMA also sees more facial and body trauma. Further research is needed to prevent combat sport eye injuries.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Sports Medicine
- Trauma Surgery
Background:
- Combat sports like boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) carry inherent risks of facial and ocular trauma.
- Understanding the specific injury patterns in each sport is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies and medical interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the incidence and characteristics of eye and face trauma between professional boxing and MMA.
- To identify risk factors associated with these injuries in both combat sports.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study analyzing injury data from the Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) between 2000 and 2020.
- Extracted data included competition details, fighter information, outcomes, and documented injuries for boxing and MMA contests.
Main Results:
- Boxing exhibited higher overall eye injury rates (47.63% of injuries) compared to MMA (25.59%).
- MMA had a greater odds of requiring physician evaluation for eye injuries (OR 1.823) and higher rates of orbital fractures.
- MMA also presented higher rates of face and body trauma, while increased rounds and losing status correlated with higher injury odds in both sports.
Conclusions:
- Despite boxing's higher frequency of eye injuries, MMA injuries are more severe, often necessitating medical evaluation and presenting higher risks of orbital fractures.
- MMA fighters sustain more facial and body trauma overall.
- Enhanced post-fight examinations and long-term ocular injury surveillance are essential for implementing effective preventative measures in combat sports.
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