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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Targeted Therapies in Early-Stage Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: New Kids on the Block

Jason Liu1, Arya Amini1, Ameish Govindarajan2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA.

JCO Precision Oncology
|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Targeted therapies, particularly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), show promise in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The ADAURA trial demonstrated an overall survival benefit, guiding future research in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing enables tailored therapies for early-stage resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on molecular profiles.
  • Targeted therapies are increasingly adopted in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings for early-stage NSCLC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in targeted therapies for early-stage resectable NSCLC.
  • Focus on developments in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed for studies within the last 10 years.
  • Focused on prospective and ongoing studies of early-stage NSCLC with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK).

Main Results:

  • Most studies involve EGFR-TKIs in the adjuvant setting for early-stage NSCLC.
  • The ADAURA trial is the first to show an overall survival benefit with an adjuvant EGFR-TKI.
  • Future research will explore optimal targeted therapy duration and biomarker use (e.g., circulating tumor DNA) for risk stratification.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing studies investigating targeted therapies for neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings and rare mutations (e.g., ALK, ROS1, MET, BRAF V600E) are anticipated.
  • The treatment landscape for early-stage NSCLC with actionable mutations is expected to evolve significantly in the next decade.

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