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Sleep disorders causally affect the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study.

Xiang Gao1, Tao Wei2, Shenglong Xu1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.

Sleep Medicine
|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Shorter sleep duration, whether self-reported or measured by accelerometer, is causally linked to reduced brain thickness. This study provides evidence for a direct effect of sleep duration on overall brain structure.

Keywords:
Brain healthCortical morphologyGWASMendelian randomizationSleep disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Previous studies suggest a link between sleep disorders and altered brain cortical structures.
  • The causal relationship between sleep disorders and brain structure changes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effect of various sleep disorders on brain cortical structure using Mendelian randomization.
  • To determine if sleep disorders lead to changes in brain thickness and surface area.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
  • Included 11 sleep disorder phenotypes from European-descent genome-wide association studies (GWASs).
  • Outcome variables comprised full brain and 34 region-specific cortical thickness and surface area from the ENIGMA Consortium GWAS.

Main Results:

  • Shorter sleep duration (self-reported and accelerometer-measured) was associated with decreased full brain cortical thickness.
  • Identified 66 associations with suggestive causal evidence at the functional level.
  • Found robust evidence that sleep efficiency significantly influences the surface area of the superior parietal lobule.

Conclusions:

  • Shorter sleep duration is causally associated with brain atrophy.
  • Both subjective and objective measures of sleep duration indicate a detrimental effect on overall brain structure.
  • Sleep disorders may directly impact the physical structure of the human brain.