[Parameters of normal and disordered lipid metabolism in the progression and regression of arteriosclerosis]

The processes of normal lipid metabolism in peripheral cells are regulated predominantly by LDL receptors (supply of the cells with cholesterol and essential fatty acids). Conceptions about foam cell formation in arteriosclerosis, derived from findings in cell cultures, are discussed (modified LDL lipid peroxides etc.). In prevention and regression of arteriosclerosis intracellular hydrolysis of cholesterol esters and the removal of cholesterol from the cells and the vessel wall by HDL play an important role. Further, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cholesterol esters and phospholipids seems to influence the largeness of arterial lipid depositions. The manifold functions of the phospholipids within the vessel wall and the blood plasma involved in prevention and regression of arteriosclerosis (including the effect of phosphatidylcholine liposomes) are reviewed.