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Rectus capitis lateralis muscle revisited: a histological study using human fetuses.

Gen Murakami1, Kwang Ho Cho2, Kei Kitamura3,4

  • 1Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
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Summary

The rectus capitis lateralis muscle (RCLM) plays a role in supporting the internal jugular vein and bone development in fetal neck anatomy. Its precise topographical anatomy and nerve relationships are clarified in this study.

Keywords:
Internal jugular veinJugular process of the occipital boneRectus capitis lateralis muscleVentral ramus of the cervical nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Embryology
  • Histology

Background:

  • The rectus capitis lateralis muscle (RCLM) is situated between ventral and dorsal muscle groups.
  • Its precise topographical anatomy and nerve relationships remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detailed anatomical and topographical characteristics of the RCLM in fetal development.
  • To clarify the relationship between the RCLM and surrounding structures, including nerves and bone, during fetal growth.

Main Methods:

  • Histological analysis of fetal head sections from midterm (9-18 weeks) and near-term (26-40 weeks) fetuses.
  • Observation of the RCLM's position, attachments, and relationship with adjacent bony structures and nerves.

Main Results:

  • The RCLM attaches to the inferolateral aspect of the occipital bone, supporting the internal jugular vein.
  • The muscle's upper insertion on the jugular process influences its ossification and contributes to occipital and temporal bone fusion.
  • The ventral ramus of the first cervical nerve runs between the RCLM and rectus capitis anterior, without passing near the obliquus capitis superior.

Conclusions:

  • The RCLM's position suggests a correspondence with the scalenus posterior muscle in cervical musculature.
  • The study elucidates the RCLM's role in fetal neck development, venous support, and bone formation.