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Interplay between efferocytosis and atherosclerosis.

Luc Rochette1, Geoffrey Dogon1, Eve Rigal1

  • 1Équipe d'accueil (EA 7460) : physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaires (PEC2), faculté des sciences de santé, université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.

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Summary

Efficient efferocytosis, the clearance of dead cells by phagocytes, is vital for tissue homeostasis and preventing inflammation. Impaired efferocytosis contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Apoptotic cellsEfferocytosisInflammationOxidative stressPhagocytosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cell death and turnover are daily processes in adult humans.
  • Efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, is crucial for tissue homeostasis and preventing inflammation.
  • Dysfunctional efferocytosis contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of efferocytosis in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating inflammatory processes.
  • To explore the link between mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and efferocytosis.
  • To highlight the significance of autophagy in supporting efferocytosis and its implications in inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on efferocytosis, autophagy, and inflammatory processes.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial fission, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress during efferocytosis.
  • Examination of the role of efferocytosis in various chronic inflammatory conditions.

Main Results:

  • Efficient efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis and subsequent inflammation.
  • Autophagy is essential for efferocytosis, particularly in neutrophils and macrophages, and supports key neutrophil functions.
  • Failed efferocytosis is implicated in atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiac pathology.
  • Impaired efferocytosis in macrophages correlates with atherosclerosis severity and plaque vulnerability.

Conclusions:

  • Efferocytosis is a critical endogenous process for resolving inflammation and protecting tissues.
  • Therapeutic strategies enhancing efferocytosis could be effective in treating and preventing chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
  • Targeting efferocytosis offers a promising avenue for managing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.