Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.4K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.4K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

407
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
407
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

367
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
367

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The association between sleep spindles and cognitive performance in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

A broken power-law model of heart rate variability spectra in sleep.

Computers in biology and medicine·2026
Same author

EEG microstates reveal distinct network dynamics in lucid and non-lucid REM sleep.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same author

An Increase in C-Reactive Protein Levels during Antidepressant Treatment as a Candidate Marker for Treatment Nonresponse in Major Depressive Disorder.

Neuropsychobiology·2026
Same author

The Young Adult Sleep model: an evolving causal loop diagram of mental health dynamics.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Cheating hypnos: can polyphasic sleep schedules reduce the need for sleep?

Sleep·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K

Closed-loop auditory stimulation of sleep slow oscillations: Basic principles and best practices.

Mahdad Jafarzadeh Esfahani1, Soha Farboud2, Hong-Viet V Ngo3

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, the Netherlands.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|September 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) can reveal the causal role of slow brain oscillations during sleep. Understanding these oscillations is key to unlocking sleep

Keywords:
ACLSCLASClosed-loop auditory stimulationSleepSlow oscillationsSlow waves

More Related Videos

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

8.5K
Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K
A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

8.5K
Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sleep is vital for physical and mental health, characterized by active brain oscillations.
  • Slow oscillations are prominent during sleep, but their precise function remains unclear.
  • Distinguishing causal roles from epiphenomena requires real-time manipulation of sleep oscillations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the theoretical basis and practical application of closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) for studying sleep oscillations.
  • To provide guidelines for conducting and analyzing CLAS experiments.
  • To summarize existing research using CLAS to investigate the causal role of slow oscillations in sleep functions.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) principles.
  • Technical guidelines for implementing and analyzing CLAS experiments.
  • Review of studies employing CLAS to manipulate and assess slow oscillations during sleep.

Main Results:

  • CLAS offers a method to causally investigate the role of slow oscillations in sleep.
  • The review details practical aspects of CLAS implementation and data analysis.
  • Existing studies demonstrate CLAS's utility in exploring sleep functions.

Conclusions:

  • CLAS is a valuable tool for understanding the causal contribution of slow oscillations to sleep.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining questions and explore new avenues.
  • The review highlights future directions for CLAS in sleep research.