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Updated: Jul 17, 2025
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'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
Published on: September 18, 2018
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Diet composition and energy intake in humans
R James Stubbs1, Graham Horgan2, Eric Robinson3
1School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health and.
Summary
Modern diets high in energy-dense fats and carbohydrates increase energy intake, contributing to obesity. Understanding food reward and decision-making offers better explanations for weight gain than simple energy balance models.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Obesity Research
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Over 50 years, absolute energy from fats and carbohydrates has increased.
- Dietary energy density (ED) is influenced by water and fat content.
- Macronutrients affect satiety differently: protein > carbohydrates > fat.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore factors contributing to obesity beyond simple energy balance.
- To provide comprehensive explanations for elevated energy intake in modern environments.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on dietary energy density and macronutrient effects.
- Analysis of neuropsychological constructs related to food reward and decision-making.
Main Results:
- Increasing dietary ED elevates energy intake and can cause weight gain.
- Neuropsychological factors offer more comprehensive explanations for obesity than macronutrient-specific feedback models.
- Environmental superabundance of palatable, energy-dense foods drives increased energy intake.
Conclusions:
- Simple negative feedback models are insufficient to explain obesity.
- Food reward, decision-making, and environmental factors are crucial in understanding obesity.
- Combined hedonic, affective, cognitive, and physiological mechanisms drive energy intake in modern food environments.
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