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Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I like receptor pathway in cancer: modification and treatment

Guangyuan Du1,2, Zherui Xing1,2, Jue Zhou1,2

  • 1NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 4, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptor (RLR) pathway regulates cellular RNA and impacts cancer. Modifications to this pathway can either suppress or promote tumor development, influencing therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptor (RLR) pathway is crucial for sensing aberrant RNA and initiating innate immune responses.
  • While known for anti-infection functions, the RLR pathway's dual role in cancer, involving both tumor elimination via IFNs and potential progression via NF-κB activation, is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse epigenetic and post-transcriptional modifications affecting the RLR pathway in cancer.
  • To discuss the impact of post-translational modifications on key RLR pathway components in cancer cells.
  • To provide an overview of current therapeutic strategies targeting the RLR pathway for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modification, ncRNA interference).
  • Analysis of post-transcriptional modifications (m6A, A-to-I editing) of dsRNA ligands.
  • Review of post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitylation) of RLR pathway components.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications significantly regulate RLR pathway activity in cancer.
  • These modifications can lead to either tumor suppression or tumor promotion, highlighting the pathway's complex role.
  • The review consolidates understanding of how these modifications influence cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • The RLR pathway is a critical nexus in cancer biology, modulated by a complex array of regulatory mechanisms.
  • Targeting these regulatory modifications offers promising avenues for novel cancer therapeutics.
  • Further research into RLR pathway modulation is essential for advancing cancer treatment strategies.
Keywords:
cancerepigenetic modulationpost-transcriptional modificationposttranslational modificationretinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptor pathwaytargeted therapy

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