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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Published on: December 27, 2013

Current approaches to vision restoration using optogenetic therapy.

Kashish Parnami¹, Anwesha Bhattacharyya¹

¹Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

|September 4, 2023

Summary

Optogenetic therapy offers hope for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by re-sensitizing retinal neurons to light. This review assesses visual cortex and behavioral outcomes to gauge therapeutic potential for restoring meaningful vision.

Keywords:

bipolar cells optogenetic primary visual cortex retinal ganglion cells vision restoration

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Last Updated: Jul 23, 2026

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Published on: October 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Biotechnology

Background:

Inherited retinal degenerations like retinitis pigmentosa (RP) cause progressive photoreceptor loss and blindness.
Inner retinal neurons remain functional in later disease stages, offering therapeutic targets.
Optogenetic therapy aims to restore vision by introducing light sensitivity to surviving retinal cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To review visuocortical and behavioral responses following optogenetic therapy in degenerated retinas.
To evaluate the extent of functional vision restoration achievable for clinical progress.

Main Methods:

Review of studies employing various opsins (microbial, mammalian, chimeric, ligand-gated, switchable) for optogenetic vision restoration.
Analysis of reported retinal, visuocortical, and behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

Diverse opsins have been explored, differing in spectral sensitivity, kinetics, and amplification.
While retinal responses are often high-fidelity, functional vision in the visual cortex is less frequently achieved.
This review specifically examines visual cortex and behavioral data.

Conclusions:

Optogenetic therapy holds promise for vision restoration in retinal degeneration.
Further research is needed to optimize therapies for meaningful functional vision, particularly at the cortical level.
Assessing visuocortical and behavioral outcomes is crucial for therapeutic efficacy.