Diabetes as a consequence of acute pancreatitis

Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease that was initially simplified into three major types: Type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. With the global rise in incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP), a lesser-known type of diabetes referred to as diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP) is becoming more recognized. However, there is a poor understanding of the inherent relationship between diabetes and AP. There is established data about certain diseases affecting the exocrine function of the pancreas which can lead to diabetes. More specifically, there are well established guidelines for diagnosis and management of DEP caused be chronic pancreatitis. Conversely, the sequelae of AP leading to diabetes has limited recognition and data. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the prevalence, epidemiology, pathophysiology and future research aims of AP-related diabetes. In addition, we propose a screening and diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in providing better care for their patients.