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Comparative Safety Analysis of Oral Antipsychotics for In-Hospital Adverse Clinical Events in Older Adults After
Dae Hyun Kim1, Su Been Lee2, Chan Mi Park3
1Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (D.H.K.).
Background:
Antipsychotics are commonly used to manage postoperative delirium. Recent studies reported that haloperidol use has declined, and atypical antipsychotic use has increased over time.
Objective:
To compare the risk for in-hospital adverse events associated with oral haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in older patients after major surgery.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Setting:
U.S. hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database.
Patients:
17 115 patients aged 65 years and older without psychiatric disorders who were prescribed an oral antipsychotic drug after major surgery from 2009 to 2018.
Interventions:
Haloperidol (≤4 mg on the day of initiation), olanzapine (≤10 mg), quetiapine (≤150 mg), and risperidone (≤4 mg).
Measurements:
The risk ratios (RRs) for in-hospital death, cardiac arrhythmia events, pneumonia, and stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were estimated after propensity score overlap weighting.
Results:
The weighted population had a mean age of 79.6 years, was 60.5% female, and had in-hospital death of 3.1%. Among the 4 antipsychotics, quetiapine was the most prescribed (53.0% of total exposure). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk for in-hospital death among patients treated with haloperidol (3.7%, reference group), olanzapine (2.8%; RR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.42 to 1.27]), quetiapine (2.6%; RR, 0.70 [CI, 0.47 to 1.04]), and risperidone (3.3%; RR, 0.90 [CI, 0.53 to 1.41]). The risk for nonfatal clinical events ranged from 2.0% to 2.6% for a cardiac arrhythmia event, 4.2% to 4.6% for pneumonia, and 0.6% to 1.2% for stroke or TIA, with no statistically significant differences by treatment group.
Limitation:
Residual confounding by delirium severity; lack of untreated group; restriction to oral low-to-moderate dose treatment.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that atypical antipsychotics and haloperidol have similar rates of in-hospital adverse clinical events in older patients with postoperative delirium who receive an oral low-to-moderate dose antipsychotic drug.
Primary Funding Source:
National Institute on Aging.
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