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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Voice Disorder Classifications: A Scoping Review-Part B.

Ana C Constantini1, Vanessa V Ribeiro2, Mara Behlau3

  • 1Departamento de Desenvolvimento Humano e Reabilitação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
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Summary

Classifying specific voice and laryngeal disorders remains complex. This review highlights the need for consensus, with recent efforts focusing on etiology-based systems and visual laryngeal examination for better diagnosis.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Laryngology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Voice Science

Background:

  • Voice disorder classification lacks scientific consensus, complicating research and clinical practice.
  • Part B of this study addresses specific voice and laryngeal condition classifications, building on Part A's general propositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze existing classification systems for specific voice and laryngeal disorders.
  • To identify trends and challenges in classifying conditions like muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and spasmodic dysphonia.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of 20 studies published between 1993 and 2020, using electronic and manual searches.
  • Inclusion of studies focusing on specific diagnoses such as MTD, spasmodic dysphonia, dystonias, and psychogenic voice disorders.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in terminology and classification approaches for hyper-functional laryngeal conditions was observed.
  • Six studies proposed classification systems (2-6 categories), with MTD being the most frequently studied.
  • Fourteen studies discussed existing classifications or emphasized the need for further research.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research aims to simplify voice disorder classification, prioritizing etiology, despite diverse clinical presentations.
  • Descriptive and visual methods, including laryngeal examination, are crucial for classifying specific voice and laryngeal conditions.
  • Technological advancements hold potential for improved voice/laryngeal semiotics and automated classification systems.