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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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Bidirectional causal association between ischemic stroke and five mental disorders.

Yingying Ji1, Zhiqiang Du1, Kai Zheng1

  • 1Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|September 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic analysis reveals a causal link between ischemic stroke and increased depression risk. Proactive stroke intervention may help prevent depression.

Keywords:
anxietydepressioninsomniaischemic strokeschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke and mental disorders share complex relationships.
  • Understanding the causal direction is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Genetic approaches offer insights into bidirectional associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between ischemic stroke and five mental disorders using genetic data.
  • To employ two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) for robust causal inference.
  • To identify potential genetic links between neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for instrumental variables (IVs).
  • Performed TSMR analysis with inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR Egger methods.
  • Conducted heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity analyses for result validation.

Main Results:

  • Found a significant positive causal association between ischemic stroke and depression (OR=1.002, P=0.023).
  • No significant causal links were observed between ischemic stroke and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, insomnia, or anxiety.
  • Reverse TSMR analysis indicated no causal effect of these mental disorders on ischemic stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically, ischemic stroke is associated with an increased risk of depression.
  • This finding suggests a potential preventative role for stroke management in mitigating depression.
  • Highlights the importance of considering mental health in stroke care and vice versa.