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Related Concept Videos

P-value01:10

P-value

6.9K
P-value is one of the most crucial concepts in statistics.
P-value stands for the probability value.  P-value is the probability that, if the null hypothesis is true, the results from another randomly selected sample will be as extreme or more extreme as the results obtained from the given sample.
A large P-value calculated from the data indicates to  not reject the null hypothesis. But a higher P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true. The smaller the P-value, the more...
6.9K
Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

1.6K
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.5K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.5K
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

365
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
365
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

1.0K
Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
1.0K
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

16
The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
16

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

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When to p and when not to p.

Shrikant I Bangdiwala1

  • 1Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|September 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The p-value, a statistical inference tool, is widely misused and misinterpreted. This editorial clarifies its proper use and interpretation in scientific research.

Area of Science:

  • Statistics
  • Scientific Methodology

Background:

  • The p-value was introduced in the early 20th century as a metric for statistical inference.
  • Its definition relates to the probability of observing data as extreme or more extreme than the actual observed data, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Discussion:

  • Despite its widespread use, the p-value is frequently applied inappropriately and misinterpreted within the scientific community.
  • This editorial addresses the historical context and common misunderstandings surrounding p-value usage.

Key Insights:

  • Proper interpretation of the p-value is crucial for valid statistical inference.
  • Understanding the p-value's limitations prevents common misinterpretations in research.

Outlook:

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  • Recommendations are provided on appropriate scenarios for p-value utilization.
  • Guidance is offered on situations where p-values should be avoided to ensure robust scientific conclusions.