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Related Concept Videos

Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
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Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
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Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

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Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
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Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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Separation and Identification of Conventional Microplastics from Farmland Soils
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Surface Segregation Methods toward Molecular Separation Membranes.

Yanan Liu1, Zhao Zhang1, Zongmei Li1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China.

Small Methods
|September 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface segregation is a versatile membrane fabrication method that modifies membrane surfaces during formation. This review explores its breakthroughs, methods, and applications in areas like water treatment.

Keywords:
antifoulingmolecular separation membranessurface segregation agentssurface segregation methodssurface segregation phenomena

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Membrane technology offers energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions for water treatment, liquid, and gas separations.
  • Surface segregation is an in situ method for modifying membrane and pore surfaces during fabrication.
  • Advancements in synthesis chemistry and nanomaterials have enabled diverse applications of surface segregation in membrane fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent breakthroughs in surface segregation methods for membrane fabrication.
  • To discuss surface segregation phenomena and classify surface segregation agents.
  • To highlight strategies for regulating membrane surface properties and present representative applications.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on four key surface segregation methods: free, forced, synergistic, and reaction-enhanced.
  • Discuss strategies for controlling the physical and chemical microenvironments of membrane surfaces.
  • Present representative applications of membranes fabricated using surface segregation.

Main Results:

  • Surface segregation offers a versatile approach to membrane fabrication with tunable surface properties.
  • Various surface segregation agents and methods allow for precise control over membrane characteristics.
  • Membranes fabricated via surface segregation show promise in diverse separation applications.

Conclusions:

  • Surface segregation is a powerful technique for advanced membrane fabrication.
  • Further research into challenges and future perspectives can optimize surface segregation methods.
  • This method holds significant potential for improving separation technologies and addressing environmental concerns.