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In-lab and online executive functions (EFs) share identical genetic influences but differ environmentally. Online EF assessments are a viable strategy for large-scale, genetically informed studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functions (EFs) are crucial for goal-directed behavior, typically measured in controlled lab settings.
  • Online EF assessments offer a scalable alternative but lack environmental control.
  • Understanding the relationship between in-lab and online EF measures is essential for validating remote testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between executive functions assessed in-lab and online.
  • To investigate the relationship between common executive function factors and general cognitive ability (g) across testing contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Colorado Online Twin Study (CoTwins) with 887 adolescent twins.
  • Constructed 'Lab Common EF' and 'Online Common EF' factors from four executive function tasks.
  • Analyzed phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations using behavioral genetic methods.

Main Results:

  • Lab and Online Common EF factors were genetically identical (genetic correlation = 1.00).
  • Phenotypic correlation between Lab and Online Common EF was substantial (r = .77), indicating shared genetic and some environmental influences.
  • Both Lab and Online Common EF factors showed similar relationships with a general cognitive ability factor (g).

Conclusions:

  • Executive functions assessed in-lab and online are highly related, sharing the same genetic underpinnings.
  • Online EF assessments demonstrate validity and can be a practical tool for large-scale research, especially in genetically informative studies.
  • Findings support the use of online assessments to expand sample sizes and enhance the efficiency of cognitive research.