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Mitragynine was detected in 0.24% of driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases in Orange County. It was frequently found with other substances like ethanol and benzodiazepines, indicating complex impairment scenarios.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Drug-Impaired Driving Research

Background:

  • Mitragynine, a key alkaloid in kratom, is increasingly identified in driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases.
  • Understanding mitragynine's prevalence and co-occurrence with other substances in DUID incidents is crucial for public safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the occurrence and characteristics of mitragynine in DUID cases over a three-year period in Orange County, CA.
  • To investigate the co-detection of 7-hydroxymitragynine and other drugs in mitragynine-positive DUID cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 25,398 DUID cases from 2017-2019.
  • Toxicological screening for mitragynine (>10 ng/mL) and 7-hydroxymitragynine.
  • Review of police reports and drug recognition expert evaluations.

Main Results:

  • Mitragynine was detected in 60 (0.24%) DUID cases.
  • Concentrations ranged from 10.5-960 ng/mL (mean 109 ng/mL).
  • Mitragynine was never detected alone; common co-occurring substances included ethanol, benzodiazepines, methamphetamine, cocaine, fentanyl, and heroin.

Conclusions:

  • Mitragynine is a relevant substance in DUID cases, often part of poly-drug use.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate mitragynine's specific contribution to driving impairment.