Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target

Liver steatosis is the most widespread chronic liver condition. Its global incidence is rising swiftly and is currently estimated to be 24%. Liver steatosis is strongly related with numerous metabolic syndrome characteristics, like obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The gastrointestinal tract contains about 100 trillion commensal organisms and more than 7,000 distinct bacterial strains. Fat deposition in the liver without secondary causes is known as liver steatosis. Dysregulation of the gut flora is one of the factors connected to the onset of fatty liver disease. Dietary choices may alter constitution of the microbiome and cause gut microbiome dysbiosis, particularly due to the intake of food high in fructose sugars, animal products, and saturated fats. Various gut bacteria cause nutrient metabolism in multiple ways, setting off different inflammatory cascades that encourage liver disease and pathways that help fat build up in the liver. Due to their relatively stable nature, genetic factors may not be responsible for the constant increase in liver steatosis incidence. Genetic factors set the stage for liver steatosis pathogenesis. This review will offer an overview of our present knowledge of the roles played by gut microbiota in regulating the development of liver steatosis, potential side effects, and potential treatment targets.