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Primate archaeology 3.0.

Alejandra Pascual-Garrido1, Susana Carvalho1,2,3, Katarina Almeida-Warren1,2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primate archaeology needs to expand beyond stone tools to include plant use, non-technological behaviors, landscapes, and cultural heritage. This inclusive approach enhances understanding of primate evolution and aids conservation efforts.

Keywords:
ephemeral technologyevolution of material culturenon-technological traces of behaviorprimate cultural heritage

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Area of Science:

  • Primate Archaeology
  • Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Primate archaeology studies nonhuman primate technological behavior and material records.
  • Current research heavily focuses on lithic artifacts, limiting insights into broader behavioral repertoires.
  • Comparative data from primate tool use is valuable but insufficient for a complete understanding of technological evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose expanding primate archaeology beyond lithic artifact analysis.
  • To explore overlooked areas crucial for understanding the full primate behavioral repertoire.
  • To integrate non-technological activities into archaeological investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Identifying and discussing four new areas of investigation: Plant technology, Archaeology beyond technology, Landscape archaeology, and Primate cultural heritage.
  • Analyzing the latest developments and challenges within these proposed areas.
  • Proposing future research directions for a more inclusive primate archaeology.

Main Results:

  • The study identifies significant overlooked areas in primate archaeology.
  • It highlights the potential of investigating plant technology, non-tool aided activities, landscape use, and cultural displays.
  • These areas offer crucial data for understanding primate behavioral evolution.

Conclusions:

  • An inclusive primate archaeology, encompassing diverse behavioral traces, is essential.
  • Expanding the field will benefit the study of primate evolution and human technological origins.
  • This broader approach will also enhance primate conservation by clarifying primate-environment interactions.