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A Novel Injectable Piezoelectric Hydrogel for Periodontal Disease Treatment
Lina Roldan1,2, Carolina Montoya1, Varun Solanki1
1Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 6, 2023
Summary
A new injectable piezoelectric hydrogel, PiezoGEL, combines gelatin methacryloyl with barium titanate fillers. This innovative material offers simultaneous antibacterial action and bone regeneration for effective periodontal disease treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Periodontology
Background:
- Periodontal disease involves progressive destruction of tissues, necessitating treatments that combine antibacterial properties with bone regeneration.
- Current nonsurgical treatments lack multifunctional technologies for simultaneous infection control and tissue repair.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and characterize an injectable piezoelectric hydrogel (PiezoGEL) for nonsurgical periodontal disease treatment.
- To evaluate PiezoGEL's antibacterial efficacy and its potential for promoting bone tissue regeneration.
Main Methods:
- PiezoGEL was synthesized by combining gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with barium titanate (BTO) piezoelectric fillers.
- Biomaterial characterization included assessing injectability, photopolymerizability, and electrical charge generation.
- In vitro studies evaluated PiezoGEL's effects on bacterial biofilm and bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation.
- In vivo studies in a mice model assessed PiezoGEL's efficacy in reducing inflammation and promoting bone regeneration.
Main Results:
- PiezoGEL demonstrated successful integration of BTO fillers, maintaining hydrogel properties and generating electrical charges.
- In vitro, PiezoGEL significantly reduced pathogenic biofilm biomass, metabolic activity, and viable cell counts.
- Molecular analysis indicated PiezoGEL's antibacterial mechanism involves reduced bacterial adhesion and increased oxidative stress.
- PiezoGEL enhanced BMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation, confirmed by upregulated key genes.
- In vivo, PiezoGEL effectively reduced periodontal inflammation and increased bone tissue regeneration.
Conclusions:
- PiezoGEL is a novel injectable piezoelectric hydrogel with combined antibacterial and bone regenerative capabilities.
- The material shows significant promise as a therapeutic candidate for nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease.
