Clot embolization studies and computational framework for embolization in a canonical tube model

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Computational Fluid Dynamics
• Hematology

Background:

• Thrombosis modeling has advanced, but blood clot embolization modeling remains underdeveloped.
• Characterizing embolization in vitro and in vivo presents significant challenges.
• Understanding embolization mechanics is crucial for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a computational method for simulating blood clot embolization.
• To investigate the mechanics of clot detachment and embolization.
• To provide a tool for understanding embolization phenomena.

Main Methods:

• Experiments were conducted using blood clots in a polycarbonate tube subjected to increasing fluid flow.
• Stress-relaxation tests determined viscoelastic constitutive parameters for the clot model.
• A multiphase volume-of-fluid approach was used for in silico simulation of embolization.
• Simulations were validated against experimental data, focusing on leading-edge detachment.

Main Results:

• Embolization was observed to initiate via leading edge, trailing edge, or non-uniform detachment.
• The computational model successfully reproduced embolization dynamics.
• Simulations showed excellent agreement with experimental data for leading-edge embolization at consistent flow rates.
• A range of constitutive parameters fitting experimental observations was reported.

Conclusions:

• The developed computational model provides a viable method for simulating blood clot embolization.
• The study highlights the importance of clot viscoelasticity and wall interactions in embolization.
• This work advances the understanding of embolization mechanics and offers a basis for further research.