Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

1.6K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
1.6K
Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

Pulse Assessment Sites

1.1K
Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...
1.1K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

3.6K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
3.6K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

457
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
457
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

1.1K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.1K
Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

1.6K
The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Learning From a Missed Diagnosis: Complete Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum With Benign Hydrocephalus.

Clinical case reports·2025
Same author

Clinicopathological analysis of eyelid lesions in Sri Lanka.

International ophthalmology·2023
Same author

A conjunctival myxoid stromal tumor (COMST) mimicking phlyctenulosis: A case report and brief review of the literature.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports·2022
Same author

Variations of the intercostal neurovascular bundle.

Journal of anesthesia·2022
Same author

Variations in the Density and Distribution of Cajal Like Cells Associated With the Pathogenesis of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Frontiers in surgery·2021
Same author

Pigmented border of the toe as a consistent landmark to the digital nerve.

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2020
Same journal

Tumor survivors' musculoskeletal health assessment: advances in imaging biomarkers for cancer treatment-related sequelae.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same journal

Sagittal alignment and patellofemoral consequences of open wedge high tibial osteotomy: a comparative radiological and gait analysis of supratubercle and distal tibial tuberosity techniques.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same journal

A comparative study of O-arm navigation-assisted OLIF 360 versus traditional OLIF combined with Mazor Renaissance robot-assisted posterior fixation for single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis: clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same journal

Distinct regional bone quality patterns in L5-S1 isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis: implications for pedicle screw loosening risk.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same journal

Calcaneonavicular ligament in early and flexible progressive foot deformity: a case-control study.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same journal

Application of bupivacaine liposomes for iliac fascia blockade in total hip arthroplasty.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
08:43

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

Published on: July 7, 2016

14.3K

Anatomical landmarks for ankle block.

K V H Nimana1, A M D S R U Senevirathne1, R Pirannavan1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
|September 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies key anatomical landmarks for accurately locating nerves during ankle blocks. Findings aid clinicians in precise nerve infiltration for effective foot anesthesia.

Keywords:
AnatomyLower extremityRegional anaesthesia

More Related Videos

Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
11:06

Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 19, 2019

8.6K
An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
15:04

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
08:43

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

Published on: July 7, 2016

14.3K
Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
11:06

Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 19, 2019

8.6K
An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
15:04

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • Ankle blocks are crucial for foot anesthesia.
  • Accurate nerve localization is essential for effective and safe ankle blocks.
  • Precise anatomical descriptions can improve nerve block success rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe anatomical landmarks for precise localization of the five nerves targeted in ankle blocks.
  • To provide quantitative measurements of nerve depth and distance from bony landmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cross-sections from 24 formaldehyde-fixed cadaveric ankles.
  • Measurement of curvilinear distances and depths of five cutaneous nerves from malleoli and skin surface.
  • Identification of nerve positions relative to bony and tendinous structures.

Main Results:

  • Nerve depths ranged from 2.1 ± 0.6 mm (saphenous) to 9.2 ± 2.4 mm (tibial).
  • Specific distances from medial and lateral malleoli were recorded for tibial, deep peroneal, saphenous, sural, and medial dorsal cutaneous nerves.
  • The deep peroneal nerve was consistently found between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons.

Conclusions:

  • Identifiable bony and soft tissue landmarks around the ankle can guide accurate nerve localization.
  • This anatomical data supports improved precision in performing ankle blocks.
  • The findings contribute to safer and more effective anesthesia of the foot.