Morphological, physical, and chemical characterization of coconut residues in Ecuador

In agricultural countries, Agro-industrial residues are better treated with a circular production logic. This article analyzes the morphological, physical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical characteristics of the coconut fiber and endocarp in Portoviejo and Rocafuerte Cities, Ecuador, to establish a baseline of knowledge that can help to incorporate coconut residues into a matrix of a new material. Interviews were conducted to coconut producers in Portoviejo and Rocafuerte and a random sample of the residues was collected from these locations. Analyses were performed using the SEM, TGA and FRX tests. Concerning the fiber, it was observed a tubular morphology with concentric microfibrils, specific weight 0.69 g/cm³, tensile strength 228 MPa, modulus of elasticity 3.03 GPa, thermal behavior with important mass losses at 330 °C, in the calcinations to obtain oxides as SiO₂, SO₃, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ at 600 °C and 650 °C. The endocarp has a morphology of superimposed and consolidated smooth layers, specific weight 1.29 g/cm³, loss of mass at 339 °C and in calcinations at 800 °C. This study can help to address solid vegetable waste managing challenges in coconut producing cities.