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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
Published on: April 19, 2019
Highly emissive 4-carbazole-appended salen-indium complex: the effect of strong donor-acceptor interaction
Yoseph Kim1, Jaehoon Kim1,2, Ji Hye Lee3
1Department of Chemistry and BK21+ Program Research Team, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea. ykim@chungbuk.ac.kr.
Abstract:
Herein, we report our findings on 4-carbazole (CBZ)-appended salen-based indium complexes, CBZIn1 and CBZIn2, which feature diimine bridges exhibiting different electron-accepting properties. Notably, CBZIn2 exhibited a significantly higher photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY, ΦPL) in toluene than CBZIn1, with a value over 15 times greater (ΦPL = 57.7% for CBZIn2; ΦPL = 3.7% for CBZIn1). In particular, in the rigid state of THF at 77 K, CBZIn2 exhibited a near-unity PLQY of 98.2%. Even in the PMMA film, CBZIn2 maintained a high level of PLQY (ΦPL = 70.2%). These results can be attributed to the highly efficient radiative decay process based on intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) transition between the moderately twisted CBZ, characterized by its conformational rigidity and the 1,2-dicyanoethylene-bridged salen, which exhibits a strong electron-accepting ability. Furthermore, these findings are supported by theoretical calculations.
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