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Taking tolerance seriously: A proposal from a self-categorization perspective on disapproval and respect
1Tolerance Research Unit Kiel, Institute of Psychology, Kiel University.
The American Psychologist
|September 7, 2023
Summary
This study proposes a dual-level model of tolerance, defining it as disapproval tempered by respect. This realistic approach suggests people are willing to practice and appreciate this form of tolerance.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- Existing models of tolerance often lack a nuanced understanding of its psychological underpinnings.
- Self-categorization theory provides a framework for understanding intergroup relations and identity formation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and explicate a dual-level disapproval-respect model of tolerance.
- To explore the social psychological foundations of tolerance from a self-categorization perspective.
- To examine the practical implications and limitations of this model.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical model development based on self-categorization theory.
- Integration of existing empirical evidence on intergroup relations and tolerance.
- Analysis of the interplay between affect, cognition, authenticity, dignity, justice, and social change.
Main Results:
- Tolerance is conceptualized as disapproval (Level 1: in-group-out-group differentiation) restrained by respect (Level 2: superordinate identity).
- This model suggests tolerance is practicable, with individuals willing to practice and appreciate it.
- The model clarifies the roles of affect and cognition, and the interrelations between tolerance, authenticity, dignity, justice, and social change.
Conclusions:
- The disapproval-respect model offers a realistic and practicable framework for understanding tolerance.
- It highlights the complex interplay of cognitive and affective processes in intergroup relations.
- The model provides directions for future research and discusses broader sociocultural implications.
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