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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

121
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
121

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Rhythmic attentional sampling in autism.

Xiaoxu Fan1, Tamar Kolodny1, Kristin M Woodard1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|September 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autistic individuals exhibit rhythmic visual attention, similar to controls. However, this rhythmic pattern is absent in autistic individuals with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggesting altered brain rhythms.

Keywords:
attentionautismrhythmic attentionshifting attentionspatial attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with altered visual spatial attention.
  • Covert spatial attention exhibits rhythmic sampling at theta frequencies (4-8 Hz).
  • The impact of autism on attentional rhythmic sampling is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether rhythmic sampling of visual attention is altered in autism.
  • To examine the influence of co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on attentional rhythms in autism.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a spatial cueing task measuring detection performance at varying cue-target intervals.
  • Behavioral data were analyzed for rhythmic oscillations using traditional and autoregressive surrogate methods.
  • Comparison between autistic individuals, controls, and autistic individuals with ADHD.

Main Results:

  • Rhythmic attentional enhancement was observed at theta frequencies in both autistic individuals and controls.
  • This rhythmic temporal structure was not found in autistic individuals with co-occurring ADHD.
  • Visual attention modulated processing at the cued location, consistent with prior research.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic brain rhythms organizing neural activity into alternating attentional states are functional in autism.
  • The rhythmic temporal structure of attention may be disrupted in autistic individuals with comorbid ADHD.
  • Findings highlight potential neural differences in autism with and without ADHD.