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Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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Brain Sagging Dementia.

Aslan Lashkarivand1,2, Per Kristian Eide3,4

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, N-0424, Pb 4950, Oslo, Norway.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|September 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Brain sagging dementia (BSD), a rare early-onset dementia, presents with behavioral changes and intracranial hypotension. Early diagnosis through understanding its mechanisms and diagnostic tools is key to successful treatment and favorable outcomes.

Keywords:
Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementiaBrain sagging dementia (BSD)Early-onset dementiaIntracranial hypotension

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Dementia Research

Background:

  • Brain sagging dementia (BSD) is a rare, early-onset dementia.
  • It is characterized by intracranial hypotension and behavioral changes similar to frontotemporal dementia.
  • Patients may present with insidious behavioral changes and neurological signs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of brain sagging dementia.
  • To highlight its pathomechanism, diagnostic tools, and treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of brain sagging dementia.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and radiological findings.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • BSD presents with behavioral disinhibition, apathy, inertia, and speech alterations.
  • Brainstem and cerebellar signs like hypersomnolence and gait disturbance can occur.
  • Advances in radiological imaging improve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak detection, leading to better treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Timely diagnosis of BSD is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Understanding BSD's pathomechanism and diagnostic tools aids in systematic management.
  • BSD is a potentially reversible form of early-onset dementia with favorable outcomes when treated promptly.