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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

4.5K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
4.5K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.3K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

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Overview
61.7K
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

22.9K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
22.9K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

23.4K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
12:46

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Chromosomal contacts change with age.

Schahram Akbarian1, Hyejung Won2

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The genome's three-dimensional structure changes throughout life. This dynamic organization impacts cellular functions and organismal development.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The spatial arrangement of the genome within the nucleus is crucial for gene regulation.
  • Genome organization is not static and undergoes significant changes during an organism's lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic remodeling of the three-dimensional genome organization.
  • To understand how these changes influence cellular processes throughout life.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced chromosome conformation capture (3C) techniques.
  • Employing computational biology for analyzing large-scale genomic interaction data.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant alterations in chromatin loops and topologically associating domains (TADs) over time.

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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

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  • Identified specific genomic regions that exhibit pronounced remodeling.

    • Conclusions:

    • The three-dimensional genome architecture is highly plastic and actively remodeled throughout life.
    • These dynamic changes are fundamental to cellular function and adaptation.